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Specify directional or negligible theoretical expectations

Source: R/nomo_hypotheses.R
nomo_expectations.Rd

These helpers create machine-readable theoretical expectations for use with nomo_hypotheses(). They describe what theory predicts before the empirical network is evaluated.

Usage

positive(
  min = NULL,
  max = NULL,
  scale = c("standardized", "unstandardized"),
  origin = c("a_priori", "post_hoc")
)

negative(
  max = NULL,
  min = NULL,
  scale = c("standardized", "unstandardized"),
  origin = c("a_priori", "post_hoc")
)

negligible(
  within = NULL,
  scale = c("standardized", "unstandardized"),
  origin = c("a_priori", "post_hoc")
)

Arguments

min

Optional finite lower bound. For positive() it must be greater than zero. For negative() it must be less than zero.

max

Optional finite upper bound. For positive() it must be greater than zero. For negative() it must be less than zero.

scale

Scale on which the expectation is defined. Standardized coefficients are the default because magnitude expectations such as .20 are otherwise not portable across arbitrary raw units.

origin

Whether the expectation was specified a_priori or added post_hoc. Post-hoc expectations remain machine-readable but are never presented as confirmatory evidence.

within

Optional length-two finite numeric vector defining the negligible-effect region. The interval must contain zero.

Value

An object of class nomo_expectation.

Details

positive() and negative() can express direction alone or add a researcher-specified magnitude boundary. negligible() deliberately distinguishes an unquantified null-like expectation from a quantitative smallest effect size of interest (SESOI) region.

A bare negligible() expectation is not confirmable as negligible from a non-significant p-value. Supply within = c(lower, upper) when theory or the study design provides a defensible negligible-effect region.

Examples

positive()
#> $prediction
#> [1] "positive"
#> 
#> $lower
#> [1] 0
#> 
#> $upper
#> [1] Inf
#> 
#> $lower_inclusive
#> [1] FALSE
#> 
#> $upper_inclusive
#> [1] FALSE
#> 
#> $scale
#> [1] "standardized"
#> 
#> $origin
#> [1] "a_priori"
#> 
#> $magnitude_specified
#> [1] FALSE
#> 
#> $confirmable
#> [1] TRUE
#> 
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "nomo_expectation" "list"            
positive(min = .20)
#> $prediction
#> [1] "positive"
#> 
#> $lower
#> [1] 0.2
#> 
#> $upper
#> [1] Inf
#> 
#> $lower_inclusive
#> [1] TRUE
#> 
#> $upper_inclusive
#> [1] FALSE
#> 
#> $scale
#> [1] "standardized"
#> 
#> $origin
#> [1] "a_priori"
#> 
#> $magnitude_specified
#> [1] TRUE
#> 
#> $confirmable
#> [1] TRUE
#> 
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "nomo_expectation" "list"            
negative(max = -.20)
#> $prediction
#> [1] "negative"
#> 
#> $lower
#> [1] -Inf
#> 
#> $upper
#> [1] -0.2
#> 
#> $lower_inclusive
#> [1] FALSE
#> 
#> $upper_inclusive
#> [1] TRUE
#> 
#> $scale
#> [1] "standardized"
#> 
#> $origin
#> [1] "a_priori"
#> 
#> $magnitude_specified
#> [1] TRUE
#> 
#> $confirmable
#> [1] TRUE
#> 
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "nomo_expectation" "list"            
negligible()
#> $prediction
#> [1] "negligible"
#> 
#> $lower
#> [1] NA
#> 
#> $upper
#> [1] NA
#> 
#> $lower_inclusive
#> [1] NA
#> 
#> $upper_inclusive
#> [1] NA
#> 
#> $scale
#> [1] "standardized"
#> 
#> $origin
#> [1] "a_priori"
#> 
#> $magnitude_specified
#> [1] FALSE
#> 
#> $confirmable
#> [1] FALSE
#> 
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "nomo_expectation" "list"            
negligible(within = c(-.10, .10))
#> $prediction
#> [1] "negligible"
#> 
#> $lower
#> [1] -0.1
#> 
#> $upper
#> [1] 0.1
#> 
#> $lower_inclusive
#> [1] TRUE
#> 
#> $upper_inclusive
#> [1] TRUE
#> 
#> $scale
#> [1] "standardized"
#> 
#> $origin
#> [1] "a_priori"
#> 
#> $magnitude_specified
#> [1] TRUE
#> 
#> $confirmable
#> [1] TRUE
#> 
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "nomo_expectation" "list"